Ethnically, the Taiping army was at the outset formed largely from these groups: the Hakka, a Han Chinese subgroup; the Cantonese, local residents of Guangdong province; and the Zhuang (a non-Han ethnic group). [10], More colloquially, the Chinese called the Taiping some variant of Long-Hairs (), because they did not shave their foreheads and braid their hair into a queue as Qing subjects were obligated to do, allowing their hair to grow long. The Taiping army was the rebellion's key strength. History down through the centuries has proved again and again that there can be but one outcome to a struggle for selfish power against forces fighting to protect and advance human rights. Copyright 2023 Famous Quotes & Sayings. The Taiping were especially opposed to idolatry, destroying idols wherever found with great prejudice. In Lisa See's novel Snow Flower and the Secret Fan the title character is married to a man who lives in Jintian and the characters get caught up in the action. [73] The Taiping government proved especially welcoming to Western missionaries. Ho Ping-ti. Scholars consider it to be the deadliest civil war in the history of the world. Parker J. Palmer, Idolizing virginity as a stand-in for women's morality means that nothing else matters- not what we accomplish, not what we think, not what we care about and work for. A small remainder of loyal Taiping forces had continued to fight in northern Zhejiang, rallying around Tianguifu. [90] On 27 October 1853, they crossed the Yellow River in T'sang-chou and murdered 10,000 Manchus.[91]. In 1863, Shi Dakai surrendered to the Qing near the Sichuan capital Chengdu and was executed by slow-slicing. With Hong withdrawn from view and Yang out of the picture, the remaining Taiping leaders[who?] But fearing for his life, he departed from Tianjing and headed west towards Sichuan. [5], Many Western historians refer to the conflict in general as the "Taiping Rebellion". 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[92] Reportedly in the province of Guangdong, it is written that 1,000,000 were executed because after the collapse of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Qing dynasty launched waves of massacres against the Hakkas, that at their height killed up to 30,000 each day. ; Affairs at Ningpo Admiral Hope Finds Fault with the Rebels Proceedings of the Insurrectionists Distress at Shanghai How Foreigners are to be Protected", "Western colonialism - The Opium Wars | Britannica", "New Chinese Military History, 18391951: What's the Story? It doesn't take a majority to make a rebellion; it takes only a few determined leaders and a sound cause. The men also grew out their hair, which had been kept in the queue style as per Qing regulations. It broke out in 1851, a Han Chinese reaction against the Qing Dynasty, which was ethnically Manchu. [99] The traditional Manchu banner forces upon which the Qing dynasty depended failed and were gradually replaced with gentry-organized local armies. As their name ("guest households") suggests, the Hakka were generally treated as migrant newcomers, and often subjected to hostility and derision from the local majority Han populations. It ranks as one of the bloodiest wars in human history, the bloodiest civil war, and the largest conflict of the 19th century. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's capital at Nanjing fell the following month after hard urban fighting, and the Qing troops executed the rebel leaders. [113] After Roberts arrived in Nanking in 1861 and met with Hong, he was commissioned by him as the director of foreign affairs. [78] Just before his execution, Taiping Loyal King Li Xiucheng advised the Qing to buy, and to learn how to replicate, the best foreign cannon and gun carriages to prepare for war with foreign powers. They were not supported by foreign governments, but they bought modern munitions including firearms, artillery, and ammunition from foreign suppliers. [26] His heavenly father lamented that men were worshiping demons rather than himself and informed Hong that his given name violated taboos and had to be changed, suggesting as one option the "Hong Xiuquan" moniker ultimately adopted by Hong. He clashed with Yang Xiuqing, who challenged his often impractical policies, and became suspicious of Yang's ambitions, his extensive network of spies and his claims of authority when "speaking as God". Nanjing was put under siege and fell several. However, based on Hong's understanding of Christianity, men and women were kept strictly segregated, and even married couples were prohibited from living together or having sex. Dr. Kallie Szczepanski is a history teacher specializing in Asian history and culture. Since the rebellion began in Guangxi, Qing forces allowed no rebels speaking its dialect to surrender. It broke out in 1851, a Han Chinese reaction against the Qing Dynasty, which was ethnically Manchu.The rebellion was sparked by a famine in Guangxi Province, and Qing government repression of the resulting peasant protests. Furthermore, both made use of foreign ideologies which required translation into Chinese with inevitable modifications in the process.[110]. Reformists and pro-Western politicians could do little to check the Taiping Rebellion. Zeng's Xiang Army proved effective in gradually turning back the Taiping advance in the western theater of the war and ultimately retaking much of Hubei and Jiangxi provinces. ThoughtCo, Aug. 25, 2020, thoughtco.com/what-was-the-taiping-rebellion-195606. "[113], After the conclusion of the Second Opium War, Royal Navy officer Sir James Hope led a expedition to Nanking in February 1861. The other significant ethnic group in the Taiping army was the Zhuang, an indigenous people of Tai origin and China's largest non-Han ethnic minority group. the victors. [30][31] After reading these pamphlets, Hong came to believe that they had given him the key to interpreting his visions: his celestial father was God the Father (whom he identified with Shangdi from Chinese tradition), the elder brother that he had also seen was Jesus Christ, and he had been directed to rid the world of demons, including the corrupt Qing government and Confucian teachings. The sixty million dead overall of the Second World War, including eleven million murdered in the Holocaust. See also Trivia | Goofs | Crazy Credits | Alternate Versions | Connections | Soundtracks Collection of top 9 famous quotes about Taiping Rebellion. Taiping Rebellion, (1850-64) Large-scale rebellion against the Qing dynasty and the presence of foreigners in China. Weapons Taiping: it's basically 3 stages. After fighting the bloodiest civil war in world history, with over 20 million dead, the established Qing government won decisively, although at a great price to its fiscal and political structure. Qing forces were reorganised under the command of Zeng Guofan, Zuo Zongtang and Li Hongzhang, and the Qing reconquest began in earnest. They were then engaged in combat against the incompetent forces of King Rama V (r. 18681910) until 1890, when the last of the groups eventually disbanded. In the beginning of the rebellion, the large numbers of women serving in the Taiping army also distinguished it from other 19th-century armies. The Hakka settled throughout southern China and beyond, but as latecomers they generally had to establish their communities on rugged, less fertile land scattered on the fringes of the local majority group's settlements. Inside China, the rebellion faced resistance from the traditionalist rural classes because of hostility to Chinese customs and Confucian values. CHINA. Author: D.H. Lawrence. [65][66] Du's forces led many non-Muslim forces, including Han Chinese, Li, Bai, and Hani peoples. Instead, they referred to the tumultuous civil war as a period of chaos (), rebellion () or military ascendancy (). Since the Taipings considered the Manchus to be demons, they first killed all the Manchu men, then forced the Manchu women outside the city and burned them to death. [106] However, trade in coastal regions, especially in Guangzhou (Canton) and Ningbo was less affected by violence than trade in inland areas was. 112 matching entries found. ECO 201 - Chapter 2 Thinking like an economist part 2, Unit conversion gizmo h hw h h hw h sh wybywbhwyhwuhuwhw wbwbe s. W w w, CCNA 1 v7.0 Final Exam Answers Full - Introduction to Networks, Chapter 1 - Summary Give Me Liberty! By 1865, five of the eight viceroys were Hunanese. Translated by C. A. Curwen. [41][42] In 1852, Qing government troops captured Hong Daquan, a rebel who had assumed the title Tian De Wang (King of Heavenly Virtue). The result was a shortage in labor supply for the first time in centuries, making labor relatively more valuable than land. The army's organization was allegedly inspired by that of the Qin dynasty. Zuo Zongtang from Hunan province was another important Qing general who contributed in suppressing the Taiping Rebellion. [111] In Flashman and the Dragon, the fictional Harry Paget Flashman recounts his adventures during the Second Opium War and the Taiping Rebellion. He bypassed the professional regular armies and recruited from local villages, paying and drilling them well. London: Ernest Benn, 1962. p. 239. Both opponents used scorched earth tactics, as well as mass executions. Most of the Taiping princes were executed. The Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864) was a millenarian uprising in southern China that began as a peasant rebellion and turned into an extremely bloody civil war. Hong Xiuquan's teachings and the famine sparked a January 1851 uprising in Jintian (now called Guiping), which the government quashed. And so on and so on and so on, all the way back to Kate Atkinson, Fifty-five thousand, five hundred and seventy-three dead from Bomber Command. Although Karl Marx wrote several articles about the Taipings, he did not perceive a social program or agenda for change, only violence and destruction. The rebels were buying weapons by 1853. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. reform and, in 1898, tapped into public antipathy against Westerners. The Xiang Army captured Jiujiang in May 1858 and then the rest of Jiangxi province by September. My eyes see through beyond the west, the north, the rivers, and the mountains. Custom and user added quotes with pictures. Streams of refugees who entered Shanghai contributed to the economic development of the city, which was previously less commercially relevant than other cities in the area were. Enjoy reading and share 15 famous quotes about Taiping Rebellion with everyone. Seven million German dead, including the five hundred thousand killed by the Allied bombing campaign. The Jintian Uprising that started it all has a prominent place on the "Monument to the People's Heroes" that stands today in Tiananmen Square, central Beijing. [54][55] His body was buried in the former Ming Imperial Palace, and was later exhumed on orders of Zeng Guofan to verify his death, and then cremated. The Taiping Rebellion, 1851-1864 Hung Xiuquan (1814-1864) was the son of a farmer and an aspiring Chinese bureaucrat. Biography of Sun Yat-sen, Chinese Revolutionary Leader, Qing Dynasty, China's Last Imperial Family, The Red Turban Rebellion in China (1351-1368), Biography of Mao Zedong, Father of Modern China, J.D., University of Washington School of Law, B.A., History, Western Washington University. This tension culminated in the 1856 Tianjing Incident, wherein Yang and his followers were slaughtered by Wei Changhui, Qin Rigang, and their troops on Hong Xiuquan's orders.[48]. The Heavenly Kingdom also outlawed foot binding, based its civil service exams on the Bible instead of Confucian texts, used a lunar calendar rather than a solar one, and outlawed vices such as opium, tobacco, alcohol, gambling, and prostitution. Taiping leaders may have reached out to Triad organizations, which had many cells in South China and among government troops. Scientists have long known that Darwinism is false. Taiping troops surrounded Shanghai in January 1862, but were unable to capture it. The rebellion was sparked by a famine in Guangxi Province, and Qing government repression of the resulting peasant protests. Written by one of Japan' most popular modern authors, this is a lively, readable, and immensely entertaining fictional portrayal of one of the epochal events of the nineteenth century. And so on and so on and so on, all the way back to the Garden when Cain killed Abel. Part of the extremeness came from a mistranslation of the Ten Commandments, which led to the seventh commandment also forbidding "licentiousness" as well as adultery. In the summer of 1862, a Western observer noted that rebel factories in Nanjing were producing superior guns including heavy cannon than the Qing. Because the Chinese do not have sufficient immunity to the "Christianity virus". They have adhered to the myth out of self-interest and a zealous desire to put down God. The organisation of the Qing Imperial Army was thus: The Taiping Rebellion was a total war. It's both rebellion and conformity that attack you with success. The imperial system was greatly weakened as a result of the uprising. [61], In every area which they captured, the Taiping immediately exterminated the entire Manchu population. The Warlords is a 2007 historical film set in the 1860s showing Gen. Pang Qinyun, leader of the Shan Regiment, as responsible for the capture of Suzhou and Nanjing. Contemporary accounts describe the amount of desolation which befell rural areas as a result of the conflict. Instead, it erupted as a result of intersectional fighting between Muslim factions and Han Chinese. In response, a rebel army of 10,000 men and women marched to Jintian and overran the garrison of Qing troops stationed there; this marks the official start of the Taiping Rebellion. For example, when the Hakka settled in Guangdong and parts of Guangxi, speakers of Yue Chinese (Cantonese) were already the dominant regional Han group there and they had been so for some time, just as speakers of various dialects of Min are locally dominant in Fujian province. He issued proclamations, mostly of a religious nature, while the Machiavellian rebel general Yang Xiuqing took over military and political operations for the rebellion. The younger Hong was inexperienced and powerless, so the kingdom was quickly destroyed when Nanjing fell in July 1864 to the imperial armies after protracted street-by-street fighting. The imperial examination (Chinese: ; pinyin: kj; lit. 99 ] the traditional Manchu banner forces upon which the Qing reconquest began in Guangxi province, and ammunition foreign. By the Allied bombing campaign dr. 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