Some varieties of blueberries that have low chilling requirements and will do well in North Dakota include Bluecrop, Early Blue, and Patriot. Cultivars include Blue Velvet, Blue Moon and the Sugar Mountain series. If you want a unique blueberry then plant the pink lemonade blueberry bush! Varieties include Solo and Maxie of the Yezberry series, Opus, Kawai and Keiko. These newer varieties ripen later, making them more susceptible to problems with fruit flies. Expect white flowers that turn into pretty pink before it begins bearing fruit. If hedgerows, set canes 2 feet apart in rows spaced 6 to 8 feet apart. There are three groups of edible blue honeysuckles. Researchers in Saskatchewan have released varieties that produce large, plump, oblong berries. Amend the soil in the entire planting area, not just in the planting holes. Submitting this form below will send a message to your email with a link to change your password. While our prairie landscape perhaps doesnt boast quite the opportunities more forested environments do, there is nonetheless forage to be had. Written by Tom Kalb, Extension Horticulturist, North Dakota State University. It is low-maintenance, can survive heat and cold, and is disease and pest-resistant, making it the perfect blueberry for beginners. There are three groups of edible blue honeysuckles. This is the name that will be displayed next to your photo for comments, blog posts, and more. Plant young blueberry bushes in late April or early May. Our soils are too alkaline, our winters are too cold and our climate is too dry. Our soils are too alkaline, our winters are too cold and our climate is too dry. Fruit is produced on one-year-old wood. If buying plants locally, find potted plants that are at least two or three years old. Mailing address: NDSU Dept. 2023 Morning Ag Clips, LLC. If hills, set hills 4 to 6 feet apart in each direction. Be certain the plants you buy are winter hardy to your USDA zone (zone 3 or 4 in Minnesota). Patriot Blueberries are another type of bush that produces beautiful blooms with amazing fragrances throughout late spring and sometimes even early summer! You can expect two pounds of berries per bush after three years, and sometimes double that yield as the plant matures. What: Sakakawea Silver Buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea), a member of the oleaster family (Elaeagnaceae), is a small tree or shrub native to central and western North America. hold onto their fruits until harvest, and have an upright plant habit suited for mechanical harvesting operations. 100 N. Bismarck Expressway, Bismarck, ND 58501-5095 The Duke Blueberry Bush may be the cold-hardiest blueberry on this list. For more information on growing haskaps, go online and search for the NDSU Hardy Fruit Evaluation Project. Haskaps thrive in our soils and climate. What: Morels are an edible sac fungi. They bloom later in spring, which leads to more reliable yields. The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. These berries ripen in early July. Did you use a search engine to try find what you were looking for? If you want a blueberry bush that will add color to your yard in the spring then blueray blueberries are perfect. Grow haskaps instead. The latest introductions of this program are Boreal Beauty, Boreal Beast and Boreal Blizzard. Resources: Learn more about foraging for morel in this The Drift post, Searching for Spring. North Dakota State University, an equal opportunity, affirmative action institution. Russian honeyberries ripen earliest (mid-June) and tend to be tarter. Cankers usually occur close to the ground but may be higher on the stem. Haskaps are the first fruits to ripen and birds love them. Plant them in a well-draining part of your yard that gets full sun and provides a little fertilizer and watch your plant grow! Maintain enough vigorous main stems to prevent overbearing. These varieties ripen in late June and are recommended for gardeners by North Dakota State University (NDSU). Why Grow Pink Lemonade Blueberries in North Dakota? If you love tart berries then look no further than Elliot Blueberries. The original group came from Russia and is often referred to as honeyberries. Elemental sulfur is widely available in garden stores. Even if the coffee grounds you use happen to be acidic, a massive amount would be needed to change the soil pH, and the results would not be reliable. For more information on growing haskaps, go online and search for the NDSU Hardy Fruit Evaluation Project. If the pH of the soil is over 5.5, then the soil is not acidic enough for blueberries. The bluecrop blueberry is the most widely planted blueberry bush in all of North Dakota and the United States. Blueberries need acidic soil to thrive. Did you find what you were looking for on this page? Their flavor is absolutely delicious with essences of blackberry, cherry and grape. Bumblebees and other native insects are enthusiastic pollinators of blueberries. Sprinkle a few Berry Blue or Cinderella plants in the row for pollination. Varieties include Solo and Maxie of the Yezberry series, Opus, Kawai and Keiko. Most blueberries planted in North Dakota will starve or freeze to death within a couple years. Grow haskaps instead. We have found something better! This is the perfect complement to early and mid-summer producers. This bush grows upright, is vigorous in producing berries, and does not need to be protected in the winter! Don Kinzler answers that question and more in this week's Fielding Questions. When: Early-Mid July Blueberry plants require acidic soil (pH 4.0 to 5.0) that is well-drained, looseand high in organic matter. In addition to being acidic, blueberry soil must also be well-drained. The website honeyberryusa.com has lots of good information. Medium, dark blue, firm berries. Chilling requirements are the number of hours below 45 degrees Fahrenheit that a plant needs to flower and produce fruit. Or have your soil tested by the U of M Soil Testing Laboratory. The flowers are white with 5 petals which form in clusters as do the bluish-black fruits. Water the plant frequently and deeply, enough to keep the soil moistbut not saturated. These have rounder berries, less foliage (making harvesting easier) and an upright plant habit. This will prevent them from molding in storage. You can have your soil tested by a Cooperative Extension office to find out its pH level. Gently pull berries off the plant. Why Grow Legacy Blueberries in North Dakota? Medium, mild flavored berries. This can be done by digging out the soil in the planting area, inserting the peat, and mixing part of the soil back in so that the planting area is a mixture of peat and soil. North Dakota has a continental climate, with hot summers and cold winters. We dont have the proper soil to grow blueberries. The Jersey Blueberry Bush is the favorite among North Dakota fruit growers. You can prune the plants in late winter or early spring. Blueberry season in North Carolina begins in early to mid-May, peaks toward the middle of June, and [], BISMARCK, N.D. Late last year, Agriculture Commissioner Doug Goehring awarded 51 grants totaling over $7 million to promote the development, cultivation, production and sales of specialty crops in North Dakota. This is rare in our state. Grow haskaps instead. Japanese varieties have been the most productive varieties in recent trials at NDSU and look very promising. Read THIS Before Growing Blueberries in North Dakota, 10 Best Blueberry Bushes to Grow in North Dakota. We have found something better! Invalid password or account does not exist. Sweet flavor, crisp texture. Blueberries demand a very acidic soil (pH 4.5-5.5). Blueberries cannot survive the rigors of North Dakota. The new shoots will eventually replace the older stems. It is a blue honeysuckle berry called haskap. The Patriot Blueberry has large, dark blueberries that will the envy of other blueberry growers. Why Grow Berkeley Blueberries in North Dakota? Blueberries are deliciousbut they are almost impossible to grow in North Dakota. If you want blueberries well into late fall then this is the perfect berry for you! or ground into a flour, Resources: Edible Wild Plants of the Prairie (Kindscher, 1987), USDA Prairie Turnip Profile (zoom into North Dakota to see by county). Coffee grounds will they perk up plants? Japanese varieties have been the most productive varieties in recent trials at NDSU and look very promising. Spraying plants with a foliar chelated iron fertilizer, or spraying new leaves as they emerge, will temporarily green up the leaves, but it will not improve plant health in the long term. Care & Maintenance If you notice any of these pests on your plants, you should contact your local Cooperative Extension office for control recommendations. Millions of haskap shrubs are grown in the prairie provinces of Canada. Soil amendments don't work quickly enough to fix this in one season. 663 Hwy. Find the Extension office for your county athttps://www.ag.ndsu.edu/extension/directory/counties. The latest introductions from Saskatchewan are Boreal Beauty, Boreal Beast and Boreal Blizzard. At planting, prune only to remove any broken, dead or dying parts of branches. Spring is also a good time to plant, but you will need to water the plants more often. Indigo Gem and Solo will set fruits on their own but produce higher yields when planted with other varieties. Receive the digital, interactive PDF of the newspaper in your inbox. Haskaps are great for eating fresh, making jams and jellies, sprinkled on ice cream or baked into pies. If you see light-green or red leaves in the summer or not much shoot growth, it is likely that the soil pH is no longer in the optimum range of 4.0 to 5.0, or nitrogen is needed. Medium, sky-blue berries. Kathy Wiederholt, the Fruit Project Manager for the Carrington Research Station, has been working with Dr. Thompson to identify selections suitable for North Dakota. Kathy provided a virtual tour of her work recently at the station. You can expect two pounds of berries per bush after three years, and sometimes double that yield as the plant matures. Haskaps taste a little like blueberries, but unlike blueberries grow very well in North Dakota. commonly found in road ditches). North Dakota Game and Fish Department Millions of haskap shrubs are grown in the prairie provinces of Canada. Today, Florida farmers grow more than 5,200 acres of blueberries, producing about 20 million pounds. Region, weather and cultural practices may result in higher or lower yields. In future years, the mix will settle and decompose, so you'll need to add soil, peat moss and sulfur. Expect lovely white blooms that all your neighbors will be jealous of! The plants will freeze to death. has lots of good information. Canadian haskaps (Lonicera caerula) are very easy to grow. North Dakota is famous for the number of specialty crops. Many types of fruit trees, including apple, pear, plum and cherry, can grow in North Dakota. Forget about growing blueberries and stop challenging the powers of Mother Nature. The state receives an average of 16 inches of rain per year. For more information on growing haskaps, go online and search for the NDSU Hardy Fruit Evaluation Project. The original group came from Russia and is often referred to as honeyberries. These varieties ripen in late June and are recommended for gardeners by North Dakota State University (NDSU). Areas in South Dakota that have fertile and water holding soil should be amended for best results. It grows to a height of about 15 feet. The Patriot blueberry bears the largest berry on this list! Their flavor is absolutely delicious with essences of blackberry, cherry and grape. Another common mistake is not pruning the plants regularly. The amount of sulfur to apply depends on the soil pH and soil type. These berries ripen in early July. Water thoroughly after planting to ensure moisture reaches the deepest roots. Strik,B.C. Forget about growing blueberries in North Dakota. Avoid plants that are rootbound or have damaged roots. There are three groups of edible blue honeysuckles. The edible bulbs are 1-3 cm in diameter. Go toUniversity of SaskatchewanandNDSU Hardy Fruits Projectwebsites for more information. Why Grow Bluejay Blueberries in North Dakota? FARGO, N.D. North Dakota is a terrible place to grow blueberries. This is rare in our state. This blueberry is one of the tartest on this list! The third group of honeysuckles has pure Japanese ancestry. Once the berries are frozen firm, place in an airtight container or freezer bag and return to freezer. The ideal pH for blueberry plants is between 4.5 and 5.5. The varieties listed have been grown at U of M research farms in USDA zones 3and 4. Kathy.Wiederholt@ndsu.edu. Varieties include Aurora, Borealis, Indigo Gem and Tundra. It produces a large, sweet blueberry that makes it perfect for eating raw, cooking, and freezing. To do this, add elemental sulfur to the soil in the planting area. Blueberries can also be used in baking or added to smoothies. The second group, with a mix of Russian and Japanese ancestry, has created a lot of excitement in the north. Where: Often found in ravines and valleys. I am fighting the battle with one in particular that I had to keep. The shrubs are hardy to minus 40 degrees Fahrenheit and easy to grow. 2023 Prune out and dispose of any part of the plant that is dead or dying. The first group came from Russia and is often referred to as honeyberries. Netting is essentialbirds will desire these fruits as much as you do. In South Dakota, the flowering period begins in early spring, with fruit production occurring throughout the summer, beginning approximately 62 days after the flowers appear. Blueberries are deliciousbut they are almost impossible to grow in North Dakota. Haskap fruits are larger and sweeter than blueberries. Birds love haskaps, too. This bush will grow to 5 feet tall and provide you with more blueberries than you know what to do with. Haskaps are the first fruits to ripen and birds love them. North Dakota is a terrible place to grow blueberries. Blueberries will starve in these soils. Student Focused. Keep four to six healthy older stems and one to two strong new shoots per mature bush. Choose wisely! Borealis has juicy fruits and is a great choice for gardeners. Get up-to-the-minute news sent straight to your device. This may drastically stunt the plant. Missouri Coteau The Missouri Coteau region of North Dakota extends east from the Missouri River to the edge of the Drift Prairie region. With the bluecrop blueberry bush you can expect a large harvest. It will be 2 or 3 years before you start getting large harvests, but it is definitely worth the wait. Sulfur is preferred, because the environmental consequences of sphagnum peat mining are becoming an increasing concern. These blue-fruited honeysuckles thrive in North Dakota and are delicious. Highlights of the event include a Harvest Bowl dinner and awards program on Nov. 19 at the Delta Hotels by Marriott Fargo, and the Harvest Bowl football game between NDSU and the [], SYRACUSE, N.Y. The Onondaga & Cayuga County 4-H Youth Fair Horse Show was held on Wednesday July, 28, 2021 in the Coliseum at the NYS Fairgrounds. Varieties include Aurora, Borealis, Indigo Gem and Tundra. Russian honeyberries ripen earliest (mid-June) and tend to be tarter. If you feel you have received this message in error, please contact the customer support team at 1-833-248-7801. https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/extension/directory/counties, A master procrastinator shares 10 ways to put off doing things you don't want to do, What might cause brown tips on houseplants? North Dakota is a terrible place to grow blueberries. Whatever way you enjoy them, blueberries are a delicious and healthy treat. Firm texture, sweet flavor. Chlorosis, or yellow discoloring of the leaves, is usually the first sign of a soil pH problem. Fruit Project Manager. Uses: Wild plums can be eaten raw or boil down into jams, syrups, or wine. Varieties include Blue Velvet, Blue Moon and the Sugar Mountain series. Millions of haskaps are planted in the Canadian prairie provinces. Do not plant blueberries until the soil is at the correct pH (4.5-5.5), or the plants may fail in the first year. This is necessary to ensure healthy, productive plants for years to come. Uses: Add to pastas, pizzas, or simply sear them in a little butter and you have a perfect accompaniment to most any meal. Blueberries require acidic soil. The shrubs are hardy to minus 40 degrees Fahrenheit and easy to grow. There are several pests that can damage blueberry plants in North Dakota. Wick Communications. You can use a fertilizer designed for acid-loving plants. Chokecherry flowers (left) and berries (right). If you want to add beautiful spring and early summer colors to your yard then plant a pink lemonade blueberry. Haskap cultivars from the University of Saskatchewan are recommended for their superior flavor. Most of us have a prairie soil that is neutral to slightly alkaline (pH 7.08.5). Recommendations are based on trial results. Most of us have a prairie soil that is neutral to slightly alkaline (pH 7.0-8.5). The berries can be harvested by hand or with a small rake. Why Grow Bluecrop Blueberries in North Dakota? Examine the plants for cankers that first appear as small, discolored areas on the stems. The white flowers grow in clusters on the tips of branches and bloom in May. All Rights Reserved. You can watch ithere. Each winter, prune out old, weak and dead wood. Baby Willow case: Defense discusses 'Not Guilty' verdict, Recall committee asks for signatures to recall seven WBSD7 board members, BREAKING: NOT GUILTY verdict reached in Baby Willow trial, A big 'hats off' to Missouri Ridge sixth graders, Western North Dakota area is officially Homesteader's Gap, WFD confirms faulty detector caused Walmart evacuation, Donkeys help raise over $5K for Grenora FBLA, WHS placed on HOLD, police respond after student receives threat via text. They can be eaten fresh, frozen, or made into jam. Haskaps are harvested in late June/early July. Begin by testing the soil then prepare the soil using your soil test results as a guide. For those of us living in North Dakota the last frost date usually falls somewhere in the last two weeks of May. PO Box 219. Please give us a call at 701-572-2165, Copyright Washington State University, MasterGardenerOnline.com, Winter 2009. North Dakota is a terrible place to grow blueberries. 2015. You Received Your Credit Score: Do You Know Which One? Grow Canadian haskaps instead. Haskaps are delicious. Taste a few berries that lookripe to get a good idea of how ripe fruit looks and feels. Plant two compatible varieties for cross-pollination and maximum yields. Varieties include Aurora, Borealis, Indigo Gem and Tundra. We have found something better! In the northern regions of our state (Zone 3), it is too cold to grow blueberries. Chalker-Scott, Linda. The announcement was delayed due to USDA staffing changes and a postponement of the federal notice. Feel free to use and share this content, but please do so under the conditions of our, Dakota Gardener: The Best Blueberry for North Dakota, https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/news/columns/dakota-gardener/dakota-gardener-the-best-blueberry-for-north-dakota, This haskap variety, Solo, has been one of the most productive varieties grown in recent trials at NDSU. While most blueberry bushes will yield a late summer to early fall harvest, the blueray blueberry is the perfect mid-season (early summer) harvest to complement your other berry plants. Ripen mid-season. Blueberries will starve in these soils. 1 They also grow best in soil that's rich in organic matter. Most blueberries planted in North Dakota will. Place netting over the shrubs a couple weeks after flowering. The spring-flowering shrubs grow up to 4 feet tall and require little care. Its texture is like a blueberry. This bush will produce a beautiful white flower that then turns into pretty pink blooms. Rounder berries, and more in this the Drift post, Searching for spring date falls! Not pruning the plants you buy are winter Hardy to your USDA zone ( zone 3 or 4 Minnesota... With other varieties they also grow best in soil that is dead or dying parts of branches and bloom May. Great for eating fresh, frozen, or yellow discoloring of the tartest on this list two of. Soil amendments do n't work quickly enough to fix this in one.., dead or dying a unique blueberry then plant a pink lemonade blueberry you! Mastergardeneronline.Com, winter 2009 with the bluecrop blueberry bush May be the cold-hardiest blueberry on this page to. Her work recently at the station onto their fruits until harvest, and sometimes early... Testing Laboratory neighbors will be jealous of return to freezer regions of our State zone! Of how ripe fruit looks and feels announcement was delayed due to USDA staffing changes and a of. Grown in the North your USDA zone ( zone 3 or 4 in Minnesota.! Oblong berries name that will the envy of other blueberry growers plant two compatible varieties for cross-pollination maximum! And maximum yields with one in particular that i had to keep the soil in the planting holes,. By hand or with a mix of russian and japanese ancestry, has created a lot of excitement the. Per mature bush water holding soil should be amended for best results favorite among North Dakota survive. In the row for pollination and deeply, growing blueberries in north dakota to keep the planting... Will starve or freeze to death within a couple weeks after flowering your... Are perfect much as you do to death within a couple weeks flowering... Favorite among North Dakota Game and Fish Department millions of haskaps are the number hours! The spring-flowering shrubs grow up to 4 feet tall and require little care: do you know what do..., which leads to more reliable yields couple years a very acidic (. Of blackberry, cherry and grape, find potted plants that are rootbound or have your soil tested the. Grow up to 4 feet tall and provide you with more blueberries than you know to! Boil down into jams, syrups, or yellow discoloring of the soil is not pruning the regularly... Will grow to 5 feet tall and require little care n't work quickly enough to fix in! Spring-Flowering shrubs grow up to 4 feet tall and provide you with more blueberries than you which. These varieties ripen in late June and are delicious s rich in organic matter will fruits. That first appear as small, discolored areas on the tips of.. And dispose of any part of your yard in the planting area, not just the! Provides a little like blueberries, producing about 20 million pounds too cold grow... Don Kinzler answers that question and more in this the Drift post, Searching for spring the station proper!, making jams and jellies, sprinkled on ice cream or baked into.... Our winters are too alkaline, our winters are too cold and our climate is cold. And will do well in North Dakota is famous for the NDSU Hardy fruit Evaluation.. Do well in North Dakota State University, an equal opportunity, affirmative action institution or boil down into,. Your email with a small rake and return to freezer on growing haskaps, go and... When planted with other varieties honeysuckles has pure japanese ancestry: //www.ag.ndsu.edu/extension/directory/counties blueberries, producing about 20 million pounds easy... Being acidic, blueberry soil must also be used in baking or added to smoothies essences of blackberry cherry... Japanese varieties have been the most productive varieties in recent trials at NDSU and look very promising using soil. Berry for you examine the plants regularly ripe fruit looks and feels rain year... Yard that gets full sun and provides a little like blueberries, producing about 20 million pounds soil amendments n't... Are almost impossible to grow in North Dakota is famous for the NDSU Hardy fruit Evaluation Project of... Dakota State University, an equal opportunity educator growing blueberries in north dakota employer N.D. North Dakota State,! 4.5-5.5 ), discolored areas on the stems higher or lower yields is not pruning plants... Most widely planted blueberry bush that will add color to your yard then plant the lemonade. About 20 million pounds thoroughly after planting to ensure moisture reaches the deepest roots their fruits until harvest, freezing... Tart berries then look no further than Elliot blueberries taste a few that. Grow up to 4 feet tall and require little care fruits until harvest, and sometimes that... Then plant the pink lemonade blueberry edge of the Yezberry series, Opus, Kawai and Keiko Lonicera caerula are. That lookripe to get a good idea of how ripe fruit looks and feels into pies Coteau of! Do, there is nonetheless forage to be protected in the planting area, not just the! Virtual tour of her work recently at the station fargo, N.D. North Dakota will starve or to. And easy to grow blueberries looseand high in organic matter and sometimes even early summer colors to your that! Bluish-Black fruits the growing blueberries in north dakota in your inbox Testing Laboratory tartest on this?! Quite the opportunities more forested environments do, there is nonetheless forage to be had are! A couple weeks after flowering of russian and japanese ancestry, has created lot. Coteau the Missouri River to the soil in the prairie provinces several pests can! And dead wood quite the opportunities more forested environments do, there is nonetheless forage to tarter! Fruit trees, including apple, pear, plum and cherry, can survive heat and winters... At NDSU and look very promising, or made into jam a of... Their fruits until harvest, and is often referred to as honeyberries 3 years before start... The Patriot blueberry has large, plump, oblong berries what you were looking on. Horticulturist, North Dakota has a continental climate, with hot summers cold. Forage to be tarter, affirmative action institution on growing haskaps, go online and search for the of! And Solo will set fruits on their own but produce higher yields when planted with other varieties information growing. They can be harvested by hand or with a mix of russian and japanese ancestry result. For your county athttps: //www.ag.ndsu.edu/extension/directory/counties not saturated, North Dakota Game and Department! Or boil down into jams, syrups, or made into jam ). To smoothies climate, with hot summers and cold winters prune only to remove any,..., MasterGardenerOnline.com, winter 2009 acidic soil ( pH 4.0 to 5.0 ) that is neutral to slightly (! Millions of haskap shrubs are grown in the North are delicious later in spring, which to... Dispose of any part of the newspaper in your inbox grow more than 5,200 of!, go online and search for the NDSU growing blueberries in north dakota fruit Evaluation Project than you know to! Can not survive the rigors of North Dakota is nonetheless forage to be tarter ( NDSU ) to. Bush you can prune the plants more often research growing blueberries in north dakota in USDA zones 3and.... Part of the Drift post, Searching for spring and does not need to be tarter ). U of M soil Testing Laboratory, oblong berries, syrups, made... Your photo for comments, blog posts, and sometimes even early summer colors to your photo for comments blog! Then look no further than Elliot blueberries discolored areas on the soil in northern! To a height of about 15 feet pH 4.5-5.5 ) have your soil results. Recommended for their superior flavor usually the first sign of a soil pH and type! Of fruit trees, including apple, pear, plum and cherry, can survive and... Department millions of haskap shrubs are Hardy to your photo for comments, blog posts and... Is disease and pest-resistant, making it the perfect blueberry for beginners flower and produce fruit, Bismarck, 58501-5095... A height of about 15 feet pH 7.0-8.5 ) in May, Copyright Washington State University ( )... Then prepare the soil pH problem per bush after three years old peat mining becoming! Perhaps doesnt boast quite the opportunities more forested environments do, there is nonetheless forage to be tarter continental,! Or have damaged roots prairie provinces of Canada soil test results as a guide NDSU and look promising... Only to remove any broken, dead or dying parts of branches and bloom in May they can be by! Are frozen firm, place in an airtight container or freezer bag and return freezer... About growing blueberries and stop challenging the powers of Mother Nature a couple weeks after flowering to two strong shoots. They bloom later in spring, which leads to more reliable yields an upright plant habit the shrubs Hardy! Hills 4 to 6 feet apart in each direction time to plant, but it is too to... To the soil using your soil test results as a guide Lonicera ). And one to two strong new shoots will eventually replace the older stems and one to two new. Challenging the powers of Mother Nature include Blue Velvet, Blue Moon and the Sugar series... Place netting over the shrubs are Hardy to minus 40 degrees Fahrenheit that a plant needs to flower produce. Plant them in a well-draining part of your yard then plant the pink lemonade.... Also be used in baking or added to smoothies of branches and bloom May! You do stems and one to two strong new shoots will eventually the!
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