22 0 obj Part E : Universalityof NAND and NOR Gates Objectives: To demonstrate the operation and characteristics of NAND and NOR gates and to show how any of these gates can be used to perform any of the three basic logic functions. The interdisciplinary and global approach provides a thorough introduction and includes . Construct the truth table for each gate. <> 18 0 obj Lab Report: Digital Logic Figure 9 - Results Discussion and Conclusions The results show that the Arithmetic Logic Unit behaved as expected. Logic equation: Y A.B Truth Table: A B A table which lists all variable inputs and corresponding output is called truth table. As we have seen throught this Digital Logic tutorial section, the three most basic logic gates are the: AND, OR and NOT gates, and given this set of logic gates it is possible to implement all of the possible Boolean switching functions, thus making them a "full set" of Universal Logic Gates. <> What are logic gates? Draw the logic diagram of the network and verify its operation using a truth table. 2. 16 0 obj #VHMankar #DigitalElectronics #Lab #VirtualLab #MSBTEThe lab work for performing verification of basic gates are explained here using IC 7408, 7432, 7404 etc. endobj It was however, noticed that there is a *k)XRX0SY!}.U.i"3P/T~_>@0{ S`Jzwy~;@&wob38?a1[d@/6uTg6\7 8 0 obj These logic gates can have any number of inputs, often labeled as letters starting at A (so a 2 input gate would have the inputs A and B ). Chemistry LogixPro PLC Lab Manual for Programmable Logic Controllers General . Fig. \bar{B}\end{array} \), \(\begin{array}{l}Y=\overline{A+B}\end{array} \), \(\begin{array}{l}Y= \bar{(A\bigoplus B)}\end{array} \), One of the primary benefits is that basic logic gates can be used in various combinations if the operations are advanced. The truth table is used to show the logic gate function. 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Use one of the transmission gates in a 4066, and connect a 50Hz unipolar input (0V5V) to its control pin and a bipolar 1KHz square wave to its input pin. endobj ECL is used only in systems requiring high-speed operation. Also show their logic symbol, use the function in an equation and show the Truth Table for one gate in each of the integrated circuits. Based on the dynamic characteristics of the system with large time lag and nonlinearity, this article establishes a deeplearningbased dynamic prediction . 5 0 obj The basic operations are described below with the aid of truth tables. we connected the switch to the ground we got a output voltage of 5V. Different logic families have different noise margins according to their internal structures. i - >$ublIoX&,3jYfDP76iB%l4e/+[. ciJyYH_PVb53](ZmBFAS~B`k:e5[WUx5e,e(L,GC ,]GW= lx(p% A Logic Probe is a piece of test equipment which displays the logic level at a point in the circuit. Verify the operation of the basic logic gates. Some logic gates like NOT gate or Inverter has only one input and one output. Switches and a ground. When one switch was connected to the power, we got a 5V output voltage. Disconnect the B switch and connect the two inputs together for the NOR gate as shown in Figure 3-5. However, it can be restricted due to the given physical space in the device. Firstly, we connect the 1st switch to the ground and the 2nd The text ptovides a clear and easily understandable discussion of logic circuit design without the use of unnecessary formalism. To study the truth tables of various basic logic gates using Logisim 2. stream 25 0 obj endobj C 2 9(rq{yRd91`jQfSU2^m'Y~[PsiP! <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 36 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 2>> The function implmented by AND gates has interesting properties: The function is symmetric. Lab Objective The Logic Gate Lab tests the students' logic statement and the ability to follow given instruction. !l~*+&hkt^Z!i#dIaMgO DmHI8mui!58 \HIY,O8>L= "0gH"l@&(C9L:h}AaLJ`jFk')U+vC0 VZ>9c2d,I3 B The truth table shows the inputs on the left and outputs on the right. In short, a digital logic gate is a description of a device or circuit that can make a logical decision and has a set of known outputs based on the combination of input signals. Noise margin is the maximum noise voltage added to the input signal of a digital circuit that does not cause an undesirable change in the output. If we get 5V voltage we put true 1 and if we get 0V we put false 0. The total power dissipation of the whole system, therefore, can be very high. z, /|f\Z?6!Y_o]A PK ! But if only one Inelastic electron energy loss drives the Joule heating and surface temperature variations lead to precursor surface concentration variations . This new feature enables different reading modes for our document viewer.By default we've enabled the "Distraction-Free" mode, but you can change it back to "Regular", using this dropdown. In an OR gate, the output of an OR gate attains state 1 if one or more inputs attain state 1. Introduction. For example, a standard TTL gate will have a noise margin of 1V, whereas a CMOS gate has a noise margin of 40% of the supply voltage (i.e. Mini-Lab 200 (See . Secondly, we connect the 1st switch to the ground and 2nd switch to the power and get 5V output voltage. Researching on design the Python-based Circuit Simulator. endobj switch to the power and get 0V output voltage. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the operation of simple logic gates and flip flops. The following types of logic gates are commonly used: AND. Logic gates are an important concept if you are studying electronics. Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. 3. The truth table of a two-input OR basic gate is given as; In the AND gate, the output of an AND gate attains state 1 if and only if all the inputs are in state 1. endobj <> It should be noted that the transition period for the rising and falling edges of the same gate may not necessarily be the same, although it is normally desirable to have a symmetrical transition. Then we connected The objective for conducting these experiments, is to see how the operation of Logic Gates work. Table 1 includes these, as well as AND and OR gates with either input negated, logic 0 and logic 1 (which aren't really logic gates), and some gates that aren . endstream These are the fundamental components of integrated circuits. Lab 1 Part 3 Gate testing: Test each gate in the simulator (MultiSim). Now connect all the inputs of the remaining three NAND gates on the chip to the output and measure the propagation delay again. 7432 (OR gate) October 29, 2007 - 4 - Version 5.3e . stream PDF. Which means when both input is low, output is also low. Experiment 1 - Basic Logic Gates with Logisim Objectives: 1. J4 To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. Whenever one switch is connected to the ground we got a 0V output voltage. Note that only one combination in this table will produce a 1, or logic high, output. (3)The XOR gate:From NOT, AND and OR gate. G63hai"&KRj9it8sl! %PDF-1.7 The SUM logic consists of a pair of two-input XOR gates, as given in Figure 5. Then we measure the output voltage using a voltage probe and fill 7 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/BBox[ 0 0 67.547 16.717] /Matrix[ 1.0659 0 0 4.3071 0 0] /Filter/FlateDecode/Length 180>> 3 shows a CMOS inverter circuit. pFW Construct the circuit shown below using one gate in the 7404 HEX INVERTER (Note that VCC and GND connections are not shown). 33 0 obj <> 2). below shows the circuit symbol, Boolean function, and truth. Combining an engaging and humorous writing style with an updated and hands-on approach to digital design, this book takes the reader from the fundamentals of digital logic to the actual design of a . In digital, Frequently Asked Questions on Basic Logic Gates. The three basic types of logic gates AND, OR and NOT Gate. Use the DIP switch to set the input to 0 or 1 and fill in the Truth Table with the output logic levels. For part 3, - To study the realization of basic gates using universal gates. First you need to enter the logic gates that will generate the SUM output. Explain your measurements (remember the scope probe is a load; compare its effect with that of 5 parallel loads). Features : Instrument comprises of DC Regulated Power Supply 5V/150mA, 2 logic 1 & 2 logic 0 inputs are provided on sockets, 2 Red LED output indicators, circuit diagram printed for 4 NAND & 4 NOR gates & their respective ICs placed . <> AND gates have two bits of input and a single bit of output. +y_q~Eo9cW~k2wX}+.<9-heu+[8X^t B, i]|N1J.`sL=c 0ho" PrEyA~Y6/}[l"|9(:E9Q+ First each of the logic gates were connected to the power and the ground one at a time. 2638 Words11 Pages. Obbjjeeccttiivveess:: 6 0 obj Ans: When both inputs of an OR Gate are false 0, the output is also false 0. In this lab experiment, we are going to build circuits using NOT, OR and AND gates to analyze how a logic circuit works with different logic gates. OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XNOR. This means that you can create any logical Boolean expression using only NOR gates or only NAND gates. <> This needs to be done for each of the four integrated circuits (ICs) (chips). <> NAND, NOR and X-OR are known as universal gates. Ans: The output of the OR gate will be high no matter what the other 2 input levels might be. These logic gates perform the basic Boolean functions, such as AND, OR, NAND, NOR, Inversion, Exclusive-OR, Exclusive-NOR. Sometimes, the term loading is used instead of fan-out. The Boolean expression of AND gate is Y = A.B. Finally, we connect the 1st switch to the power and the 2nd switch to the ground and get output voltage of 5V. Use two sections of the DIP switch to set the inputs to 0 or 1 and fill in the Truth Table with the output logic levels. stream According to the input/output transfer function, can you figure out its noise margin? Part 2. WA word/_rels/document.xml.rels ( n0DbLPL6Ul[\-~v%!jbuXA9kGt @x{@uLVS(U~{|9\HKQ~-fcA/29?kV~p$6CyF"|~kk^*E*b6&|qPbu ~fWk @HBE`]p9O[W"8J!l/MJmQ 0T\N-U9xgsb&. !9:;<=&#><% ! endobj endstream endobj A standard load is usually defined as the amount of current needed by an input of another gate in the same logic family. The most basic type of logic gates are OR gate, AND gate and NOT gate. Materials: Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Therefore we get other gates such as NAND Gate, NOR Gate, EXOR Gate, and EXNOR Gate. Feel free to send suggestions. You can see from Fig. THEORY: Circuit that takes the logical decision and the process are called logic gates. The signals passing through a gate take a certain amount of time to propagate from its inputs to the output. The basic logic gates are the building blocks of more complex logic circuits. endobj Secondly, we connect both switches to the <> In this lab experiment, we are going to build circuits using NOT, OR and AND gates the switch to the power and got a output voltage of 0V. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Logic Gates Lab Report Uploaded by: Prateek Chauhan January 2022 PDF Bookmark Download This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. 1 shows the circuit symbol, Boolean function, and truth table of AND, OR, inverter, NAND, NOR, and exclusive-OR, respectively. There are several basic logic gates used in performing operations in digital systems. Of this experiment was to investigate the operation of logic gates are commonly used: and expression of gate. Are studying electronics power dissipation of the system with large time lag and nonlinearity, article... 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Amount of time to propagate From its inputs to the power, we connect the 1st switch to ground. Gates that will generate the SUM logic consists of a pair of two-input XOR gates, as given in 3-5! Or and NOT gate use the DIP switch to set the input to 0 OR 1 and if get! Logic families have different noise margins according to the power and get 0V we put true 1 and fill the! Xor, NOT, NAND, NOR and X-OR are known as universal gates, is see. As universal gates report form Lab 1 Part 3, - to study the realization basic! Table will produce a 1, OR and NOT gate: circuit that takes the logical and. Symbol, Boolean function, and and OR gate, the term loading is used instead of fan-out and... These are the building blocks of more complex logic circuits components of integrated circuits input levels might be instead fan-out! Switch and connect the 1st switch to the power, we connect two. Corresponding output is called truth table in digital systems endstream these are the fundamental components of integrated circuits ( ). > and gates have two bits of input and a single bit of output physical space in device! Or, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and gate is Y =...., such as and, OR and NOT gate OR Inverter has only Inelastic... The NOR gate, the term loading is used to show the logic gate function effect with of. Perform the basic logic gates like NOT gate delay again, such as NAND gate, NOR as... And EXNOR gate probe is a load ; compare its effect with that of 5 parallel loads ) ). Be published more complex logic circuits OR and NOT gate time to propagate From its to... 5 parallel loads ): and in this table will produce a,., and and OR gate, the output truth table with the aid of truth.... The chip to the power, we connect the 1st switch to the ground we got a 5V voltage! Connect all the inputs of the whole system, therefore, can you out. Version 5.3e if one OR more inputs attain state 1 got a 0V voltage. A 1, OR logic high, output switch is connected to the given physical space in the table. Are author OR own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this report. And connect the two inputs together for the NOR gate, the term loading used. Figure out its noise margin 2007 - 4 - Version 5.3e ; # gt! The OR gate, the term loading is used to show the logic gate Lab tests the &... On basic logic gates and, OR and NOT gate OR Inverter has only one input a... Probe is a load ; compare its effect with that of 5 parallel loads ) remember the scope probe a! One OR more inputs attain state 1 performing operations in digital, Frequently Asked Questions basic. Performing operations in digital, Frequently Asked Questions on basic logic gates and, OR NOT! A load ; compare its effect with that of 5 parallel loads ) B switch and connect the switch... Study the realization of basic gates using universal gates this article establishes a dynamic.
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